Resuming content across devices and formats

ABSTRACT

Intelligent content delivery enables content to be delivered to different devices in formats appropriate for those devices based on the capabilities of those devices. A user might access the same piece of content on two different devices, and can automatically receive a higher quality format on a device capable of playing that higher quality format. The user can purchase rights to content in any format, such that as new formats emerge or the user upgrades to devices with enhanced capabilities, the user can receive the improved formats automatically without having to repurchase the content. Further, the user can pause and resume content between devices even when those devices utilize different formats, and can access content on devices not otherwise associated with the user, receiving content in formats that are appropriate for those unknown devices even if the user has not previously accessed content in those formats.

BACKGROUND

As an expanding number and variety of devices are connected to networkssuch as the Internet, an increasing amount of content is being accessedfrom across those networks. The content includes not only traditionalelectronic content such as data and documents, but also an increasingamount of media content, such as movies, music, books, games, and othersuch multimedia presentations. Because these types of content canrequire large electronic files, and because the amount of storage onmany electronic devices is relatively limited, the content is increasingstored on a network-accessible appliance and the content is downloaded,streamed, or otherwise accessed by the various electronic devices.

An advantage to obtaining content across a network is that a customercan obtain copies of the content for a given device as needed, such asby downloading or streaming another copy or instance. In certain cases,a license for the content is tied to a particular device, such that ifthe user purchases a new device the user must purchase the content againto obtain a license for the new device. Even if the content licenseallows the user to access the content on a different device, however,the content will still be in the format that was accessible on theprevious device. For example, if the user purchases a copy of a movie ina compressed format for viewing on a small portable device and the usersubsequently upgrades to a larger device with improved displaycapabilities, the user will only be able to access the compressedversion for the new device under the existing license. If the user wantsa format with greater resolution, for example, the user typically mustpurchase a license to the new format. If a user has multiple deviceswith different capabilities, the user typically must purchase a separatelicense or instance for each desired format of a particular piece ofcontent, such as a standard definition DVD for an automobile player, ahigh definition version for a home entertainment center, and acompressed or low resolution digital copy for a personal media player.If the user purchases another device through which the user wishes toaccess the content in a new or different format, such as a 3D format,the user must again purchase another license or instance of the contentto obtain that format. The user also must know the capabilities of eachdevice, and which formats are compatible with each device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure will bedescribed with reference to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an environment in which various embodiments can beimplemented;

FIG. 2 illustrates different formats of the same content displayed ondevices with different capabilities in accordance with variousembodiments;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example data table including capabilities fordifferent types of devices that can be used in accordance with variousembodiments;

FIGS. 4( a) and 4(b) illustrate examples of capability information thatcan be received from various devices in accordance with variousembodiments;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example table including various licensing optionsfor a group of content that can be used in accordance with variousembodiments;

FIG. 6 illustrates an example process for delivering content to a userin a format appropriate for a specific device that can be used inaccordance with various embodiments;

FIG. 7 illustrates an example configuration wherein content can bepaused on one device and resumed on another device using formats thatare appropriate for each device, in accordance with various embodiments;

FIG. 8 illustrates an example process for resuming content on a separatedevice using a device-appropriate format that can be used in accordancewith various embodiments;

FIG. 9 illustrates an example process for accessing content in anappropriate format from a device previously not associated with a userthat can be used in accordance with various embodiments; and

FIG. 10 illustrates an example configuration interface that can be usedin accordance with various embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Systems and methods in accordance with various embodiments of thepresent disclosure overcome one or more of the above-referenced andother deficiencies in conventional approaches to providing access tocontent. In particular, various embodiments enable content to bedelivered to, or otherwise accessed by, a device in a format that isdynamically determined to be appropriate for the device. A contentprovider or other such entity or source can determine variouscapabilities of a device, and can select a format that is appropriateand/or optimal for the device. A user accessing the same content on twodifferent devices might then automatically receive that content in twodifferent formats, where each format is appropriate for the respectivedevice based at least in part on the relative capabilities of thatdevice.

Approaches presented herein can be thought of as thinking about contentin terms of rights to the content instead of specific files or formats.Instead of buying a piece of content in a particular format, forexample, users can be able to purchase varying types of licenses orrights to content according to a version- or format-independent contentavailability business model, for example, which may include multipleexisting and/or future formats, as well as other versions of a commonformat. Under such a license, a user purchasing a device with a newformat does not need to repurchase the content in that new format, asthe new format can already be included under the original license.Further, the delivery of the content in the new format can be determinedautomatically, such that the user can always obtain a format of the samepiece of content that is optimal for the device being used to accessthat content. Once the user purchases such a license, the user can haverights to any evolution or variants of that content appropriate for agiven device. In some embodiments, a user can automatically receive anupdated version of the content whenever such a version becomesavailable, depending at least upon the rights of the user with respectto that content.

When a user attempts to access a piece of content on a device, thatdevice can send a communication to an appropriate system or service toindicate the types of capabilities that the device offers. In othersituations, the device can provider an identifier that can be used todetermine the capabilities. A user agent or other appropriate module orother component of the system or service can analyze these capabilities,and determine the formats to which the user has rights, and candetermine the highest quality (or other appropriate) format to deliveryto the user via the current device. In many embodiments, the system orservice does not need to know the type of device, the manufacturer, orany other such information, but instead only needs to know one or morecapabilities of the device. In some cases, the device does not even haveto be aware of which formats can be supported by the device, but insteadreports information such as the audio capabilities, video capabilities,amount of memory, processing speed, video card capabilities, networkconnection speed, and/or other such information.

A user thus can obtain a variety of formats on any of a number ofdevices under a single license, without having to repurchase instancesof that content. The content can even be delivered to devices that arenot associated with the user, such as publicly available devices ordevices of friends, relatives, or colleagues. The content can beaccessed under the license in any format appropriate for these devices,even if the user has not previously accessed content in that format. Theuser also does not even need to be aware of the particular format orcapabilities, and does not have to reconfigure or perform any actions toreceive the optimal format on a specific device.

As mentioned, the content can be any appropriate type of content, suchas audio, video, text, electronic book, video game, mobile applications,or other multimedia content. While the content might be provided fromdifferent sources, the rights determinations can be performed from alogically centralized location. Further, user behavior and historyinformation can be tracked by a centralized service to help improveformat selections and determinations.

Further, collecting information in a logically centralized locationenables other functionality to be supported as well. For example, a userpausing playback or other access of content on a certain device canresume at the same location in the content on another device. Theresumption can be performed even when the devices access the content indifferent formats. For example, a user pausing an audio book can resumeat the appropriate point in text in an electronic book format. Timecodes or other appropriate conversion techniques can be used in order todetermine corresponding locations in different formats.

A “format” as used herein refers to a type of file or other instance ofelectronic content that complies with a particular standard, protocol,or other data structure that enables that instance of content to beplayed, executed, or otherwise accessed using devices having capabilityof supporting that type of file. Examples of different formats includestandard definition DVD files vs. Blu-ray® files, Microsoft Xbox 360®vs. Nintendo Wii® files, and the like. A “version” as used herein refersto variations of content that might be intended for the same format or adifferent format. Examples of different versions include the originalStar Wars® trilogy on DVD vs. the special edition Star Wars® trilogy onDVD, and the original version of Let It Be by the Beatles on compactdisc or MP3 vs. the stripped down version of the Let It Be, etc. Itshould be understood that although format or version can be used invarious examples, licensing and capability discussions can apply to bothwhere applicable, as well as other variations that would be apparent toone of ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings andsuggestions contained herein.

Further, instances of content might not be limited to a single format orversion in the traditional sense. For example, an instance of “content”could actually be comprised of multiple portions or elements of relatedcontent, each of which might have a different format or version, and mayrequire different device capabilities. For example, an instance ofcontent might relate to a movie as a primary element or portion of thecontent, but might also include other types of content as well, such asgame content, electronic book content, audio or text content, etc. Insome instances, these portions might be part of what is referred toherein as “static” content, where the instance of content comes bundledwith specific versions or formats of each portion, and those portions donot change within the instance. In other instances, the content might bewhat is referred to herein as “dynamic” content, wherein portions of thecontent might change over time, or be dynamically selected based oninteraction with the content. For example, static content might includea movie with the ability to view the screenplay along with the movie.Dynamic content might allow a user to submit and view comments on asocial networking site relating to the movie, or navigate to differentelements via one or more decision points.

Further, for instances of content with multiple portions there can be anindependent determination of which format or version to provide for eachportion. For example, in one embodiment where bundles are determinedtogether, an instance of content that includes an audio book andelectronic book content might analyze the capabilities of the intendeddevice and select the optimal combination based upon those capabilities.In some cases, the bundles might then be limited in number and/or thepossible combinations. In other embodiments, the determination might beseparate, such that the optimal electronic book content can bedetermined and the optimal audio book content can be determinedseparately, whereby the user can receive the optimal version or formatof each portion of the content.

In some embodiments where the user has the appropriate rights, thecontent can also upgrade the capabilities of the device and versions ofvarious portions automatically. For example, the content might includean application or other executable script. The script might be able todetermine versions of one or more applications or scripts on a computingdevice, such as a media player, rendering algorithm, or browser plug-in,and where possible can cause upgraded versions to be downloaded andinstalled on the computing device such that the device can have thenecessary capabilities to support a new version or format.

In some embodiments, “intelligent” content can provide one or moredecision points that can determine which portions or elements of thecontent the user is able to access. In some embodiments, the availabledecision points can depend at least in part upon the capabilities and/orrights of the user and the current device. For example, a movie might“contain” an optional dream sequence in 3D that can be accessed by auser at a certain point in the movie. If the user does not have a 3Dcapable device, or does not have rights to that portion, then thedecision point might not be available for the user. In some embodiments,the user might obtain a different option or element, such as the abilityto view a two-dimensional version of that portion, or potentially tohave access to a different portion, such as a storyboard or commentarydescribing the contents of the 3D portion. Such an approach canencourage purchasing of content and repeated viewing on differentdevices, as the experience can differ based at least in part upon thecapabilities of the various devices.

As mentioned, the selection of an appropriate format for a device candepend at least in part upon the capabilities of the device.Capabilities in general include things like audio and videocapabilities, but can also include things like connection speed,processor or GPU capabilities, supported industry formats, types ofinput device (particularly for things like games), types of outputdevice, etc. Various other factors can be used as well as should beapparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in light of the presentdisclosure.

For example, in some embodiments aspects such as the current rate ofpower consumption or amount of remaining battery life can be factoredinto the decisions about versions and/or formats to send to a device.For example, a video game might be able to be rendered on a device witha high resolution that is relatively resource intensive. If the user isusing a portable device with limited battery life, for example, the usermight configure the device to maintain power usage below a specifiedrate, or reduce consumption when the remaining battery life hits acertain level. Thus, if the portable device meets at least one of thesecriteria, the device can execute or receive a format or version of thegame with a lower resolution. In some embodiments, the device mightmonitor power consumption or other such levels, and might contact acontent delivery or management service when such a criterion is met,which can cause the version or format to change automatically to theversion or format that consumes resources at a lower rate. As discussedelsewhere herein, switching between versions or formats can be donevirtually seamlessly, with the user able to resume in substantially thesame state in the other format. In some embodiments, when the userperforms an action such as to plug in the device, the device can go backto rendering the higher resolution version or format, etc.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an environment 100 for providingdelivery of various types of content to various types of devices acrossan electronic network that can be used in accordance with variousembodiments. Although the example environment is presented as anInternet-based environment for purposes of explanation, it should beunderstood that different network environments may be used, asappropriate, to implement various embodiments. The example environmentincludes can include a number of electronic client devices 102, whichcan include any appropriate device operable to send and receiverequests, messages, or information over an appropriate network 104 andconvey information back to a user of the device. Examples of such clientdevices include personal computers, cell phones, handheld messagingdevices, laptop computers, set-top boxes, personal data assistants,electronic book readers, and the like. Each device can correspond to oneor more users, and each user can have one or more devices. The networkcan include any appropriate network, including an intranet, theInternet, a cellular network, a local area network or any other suchnetwork or combination thereof. Components used for such a system candepend at least in part upon the type of network and/or environmentselected. Protocols and components for communicating via such a networkare well known and will not be discussed herein in detail. Communicationover the network can be enabled via wired or wireless connections andcombinations thereof. In this example, the network includes theInternet, as the environment includes a Web server 106 for receivingrequests from user devices and serving content in response thereto,although for other networks an alternative device serving a similarpurpose could be used, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill inthe art in light of the present disclosure.

The illustrative environment includes at least one application server108 (or content server) and at least one data store 110. It should beunderstood that there can be several application servers, layers,processes, components, or other such elements, which may be chained orotherwise configured, which can interact to perform tasks such asobtaining data from an appropriate data store. As used herein the term“data store” refers to any device or combination of devices capable ofstoring, accessing, and retrieving data, which may include anycombination and number of data servers, databases, data storage devices,and data storage media, in any standard, distributed, or clusteredenvironment. The application server can include any appropriate hardwareand software for integrating with the data store as needed to executeaspects of one or more applications for the client device and handling amajority of the data access and business logic for an application. Theapplication server provides access control services in cooperation withthe data store and is able to generate content such as text, graphics,audio, and/or video to be transferred to the user, which may be servedto the user by the Web server in the form of HTML, XML, or anotherappropriate structured language in this example. The handling of allrequests and responses, as well as the delivery of content between theclient device 102 and the application server 108, can be handled by theWeb server 106. It should be understood that the Web and applicationservers are not required and are merely example components, asstructured code discussed herein can be executed on any appropriatedevice or host machine as discussed elsewhere herein.

The data store 110 can include several separate data tables, databases,or other data storage mechanisms and media for storing data relating toa particular aspect. For example, the data store illustrated includesmechanisms for storing content 112 (e.g., audio, video, game, andelectronic book content), licensing information 114, user information116, and device information 118, which can be used to serve contentusing one or more of the approaches discussed herein. It should beunderstood that there can be many other types of information stored insuch a data store, such as page image information and access rightsinformation, which can be stored in any of the above listed mechanismsas appropriate or in additional mechanisms in the data store 110. Thedata store 110 is operable, through logic associated therewith, toreceive instructions from the application server 108 and obtain, update,or otherwise process data in response thereto. In one example, a usermight submit a search request for a certain type of content. In thiscase, the data store might access the user information to verify theidentity of the user and access the content information to obtaininformation about instances of that type of content. The informationand/or content can then be returned to the user, such as in a resultslisting on a Web page that the user is able to view via a browser orother application on the user device 102. Information for a particularinstance of content can be viewed in a dedicated page or window of thebrowser, in a media player, as part of an application, or via any otherappropriate interface.

Each server typically will include an operating system that providesexecutable program instructions for the general administration andoperation of that server and typically will include non-transitorycomputer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by aprocessor of the server, allow the server to perform its intendedfunctions. Suitable implementations for the operating system and generalfunctionality of the servers are known or commercially available and arereadily implemented by persons having ordinary skill in the art,particularly in light of the disclosure herein.

The environment in one embodiment is a distributed computing environmentutilizing several computer systems and components that areinterconnected via communication links, using one or more computernetworks or direct connections. However, it will be appreciated by thoseof ordinary skill in the art that such a system could operate equallywell in a system having fewer or a greater number of components than areillustrated in FIG. 1. Thus, the depiction of the system 100 in FIG. 1should be taken as being illustrative in nature and not limiting to thescope of the disclosure.

An environment such as that illustrated in FIG. 1 is often referred toas a “cloud computing” environment, as various operations can occur onbehalf of the user on one or more devices that may be distributed acrossvarious appliances, locations, and/or geographical regions, referred toas being performed “in the cloud.” By storing information and content insuch a distributed environment, and offloading at least somecomputations or operations to remote systems or services, user devicescan offer more functionality than would otherwise be possible, or atleast practical, using a device alone. For example, a user of a userdevice 102 might want to stream a video file. One approach to obtainingsuch a file is to purchase rights (e.g., a license) to a piece ofcontent, and send a request across a network 104 to an appropriateaddress (e.g., a URL of a Web server 106 of a content provider). The Webserver can forward the request to an appropriate system or service, suchas an application server 108, which includes executable instructions foranalyzing the request (and any related requests) to determineinformation such as the source of the request, the intended content, andidentifying information for the user. The application server is able tovalidate the user identity against information in a user data store 116,for example, and determine whether the user has rights to the contentusing information in a license data store 114, or similar location. Ifthe user has rights to the content, the application server can causeinformation for the content to be pulled from a content data store 112or other such location, and sent to the destination specified by therequest. It should be understood that there can be many additional oralternative systems or services for performing any of these or othersuch tasks as discussed and suggested herein. Further, the informationreturned to the destination can include any appropriate information,such as a copy of the content or an address from which to download orotherwise obtain the content.

As discussed, a conventional license that the customer purchases (orotherwise obtains) often entitles the user to one copy of the content,or at most one copy of the content at any given time. In some cases, auser might get a multi-user license or multi-device license. For each ofthese cases, however, the user typically only gets access to the contentin one format per the license. For example, if the user buys a copy of apuzzle game in a format for a specific video console, the user does notalso obtain rights to a copy of that puzzle game in a different formatfor use with different portable video gaming device. Even in cases whereusers are able to obtain multiple formats, such as by obtaining rightsto a DVD and a digital copy of the content, the user must manuallyselect the appropriate content for each device included in the license,such as by placing the DVD in the device or downloading the digital copyfrom a specific address. If the user buys a device with a differentformat or capability, the user must buy another copy of the content inorder to take advantage of that format or capability. The need formultiple purchases of each instance of content can get expensive, andcan result in multiple versions that must be managed by the user.Further, people often do not appreciate having to repurchase contentsuch as music by a favorite artist each time a new format is developed.Customers thus can either be reluctant to buy into new formats, whichcan be bad for manufacturers and content providers, or can evenillegally obtain the content in the new format, which is even worse.

Approaches in accordance with various embodiments descried and suggestedherein enable users to change the way in which content is purchased orotherwise consumed. Further, various embodiments provide for intelligentcontent delivery such that users do not need to manage various formatsor versions, or make sure that the optimal format is being accessed on agiven device. Various embodiments enable users to obtain new or updatedversions of certain content, or additional portions of existing content,as those versions become available and/or as users obtain or accessdevices that are capable or presenting new versions or formats. Variousother capabilities and functions are provided as well as discussed withrespect to the various embodiments.

As an example, consider the situation 200 of FIG. 2 wherein a user hastwo devices, a tablet computer 202 and a portable gaming device 210.Each of these devices is capable of displaying video content and playingthe corresponding audio. As can be seen in FIG. 2, however, thecapabilities of these devices are significantly different. For example,the tablet computer has a much larger display element 204, which in thisexample is in a portrait orientation (although some devices also can becapable of also displaying in landscape orientation as known in the art,but for the sake of explanation this capability will be ignored in thisexample). The portable gaming device, on the other hand, has a muchsmaller display element 212 that is in a landscape orientation. Variousother display capabilities of these display elements can differ as well,such as the resolution and ability to display images or video of varyingcolor depth, black and white or grayscale images, images with aparticular sharpness or clarity, etc. Accordingly, a format of contentsuch as a video file can be optimized to play with the appropriatecharacteristics on either device. Similarly, the tablet computer 202 inthis example includes a single speaker 206 for playing audio in mono,while the portable gaming device 210 has two speakers 214 capable ofplaying audio in stereo (or mono). As is common, a different version orformat of the movie in this example might exist for each device.

If the user only purchases the movie in one format optimized for one ofthe devices, the experience of the content can be less than optimalusing the other device. For example, if the user purchases a copy in theformat for the gaming device 210 but plays the movie on the tablet 202,the resolution of the movie may be much lower than is capable of beingdisplayed on the tablet, and the difference in aspect ratios willrequire either a portion of the movie to be cut off (e.g., modified tofit the screen), the aspect ratio of the movie adjusted (which can causepeople in the movie to either be too elongated or condensed, etc.), orthe display area of the movie can be shrunk (e.g., with bars on theside) such that only a portion of the screen can be used to display themovie. Further, since the version of the movie that was purchased hasaudio in stereo, the mono capability of the tablet computer 202 may onlybe able to play one of the audio channels (e.g., half the stereo audio),or might not be able to reproduce the sound at all depending upon theencoding or other such aspects. Similar problems can arise if the userinstead purchased the content for the tablet computer but attempted toplay the content on the gaming device.

Approaches in accordance with various embodiments enable a user toaccess content on any of a number of different devices, and obtain thatcontent in a format or version that substantially matches thecapabilities of each device (or at least as much as possible). The userdoes not have to know the capabilities of each device, or the format(s)available for each device, but can automatically have access to aversion and/or format that takes advantage of the capabilities of thecurrent device. The user can submit a request from any of these deviceswithout having to utilize a special address, input or select specificinformation, or perform any other such operation, and an applicationexecuting in the cloud or at another remote location can determine theformat to be accessed via the device.

In the example of FIG. 2, a user might be able to access a movie about arobot in a “My Library” or similar section of an interface, Web page,etc., from the tablet computer 202. The user could select an icon orlink for the movie, which can generate a request to be sent to a contentprovider. The content provider can obtain information about the devicefrom which the request was sent, and can determine the appropriateformat of the movie to provide to the user via the tablet computer. Ifthe user had instead performed the same operation from the gaming device210, the content provider would obtain information about the gamingdevice and determine an appropriate format to provide to the user viathe gaming device, which could be the same or different from the formatprovided for the tablet computer, based upon information such as therelative capabilities of each device, the available formats, and thetype of license obtained by the user. Since the gaming apparatus canprovide stereo sound, the content provider might enable the user toaccess a version of the movie that has a soundtrack in stereo sound,while the tablet computer might get a version with mono sound. Variousother formats can be provided as well, as appropriate.

In one embodiment, information for various devices is maintained in asingle location. For example, a content provider could keep a list ofdevice information, or could subscribe to a service that providescapabilities for various devices. FIG. 3 illustrates an example table300 that can be maintained for such purposes. In the example table, afirst column 302 contains unique identifiers for each type of device forwhich information has been obtained. These identifiers can be anyappropriate unique identifiers, such as product serial numbers or othersuch identifiers. In some embodiments, unique keys will be generatedwhich then require a mapping to specific devices or categories ofdevices having similar capabilities. Various other options can be usedas well. The example table also includes several columns 304 listingvarious capabilities of each type of device. For example, theinformation for the first device (with ID SX3df) indicates that type ofdevice can handle stereo or mono sound, as well as video in standarddefinition (SD) television format, or at (or up to) 640×480 resolution.The other devices include information for these and/or other suchcapabilities as well. When a request is received to provide content fora device, the system or service can access this table to determine thecapabilities of that type of device. Using the capability information, aformat selector or other such component or module can utilize one ormore selection algorithms, criteria, or other such approaches todetermine one or more formats that can be presented on that type ofdevice.

In some embodiments, the format selector will select the format with themost advanced capabilities that is compatible with the device. Forexample, the format selector can select the format with the highestresolution, enhanced capabilities such as 3D video, motion control, etc.In some cases, the selector can utilize an algorithm that can rank theformats, and select the highest ranking format (or another format per atleast one selection criterion) to present to the user via the device. Insome cases, there might be various formats available that have differentlevels of capability combinations. For example, a first format mighthave a higher video resolution but a lower audio capability. Variousranking factors can be utilized to determine the overall ranking scoreof each format in such an instance. For example, the video resolutionmight be weighted heaver than the audio quality. In some cases, the usermight prefer certain capabilities over others, such as HD over 3D, eventhough 3D might otherwise be weighted more heavily. In some cases, userscan set rankings, specify formats to be preferred or not considered,etc. In some embodiments, the content provider can examine otherinformation such as user history or behavior information to attempt todetermine a format that is not only appropriate for the device, but alsooptimal for that particular user.

In at least some embodiments, however, it can be undesirable or at leastimpractical to attempt to maintain a list of all potential devices andcapabilities, which must be updated each time a new device is available,an upgraded capability is available, etc. Further, certain software orsoftware upgrades might be made to specific devices such that devices ofthe same type might have different capabilities. Accordingly, approachesin accordance with various embodiments instead obtain the capabilityinformation from the device itself.

For example, a content provider might receive a request for content froma specific device. If not already included in the initial request, thecontent provider might send a response back to the device to ask for thecapabilities of the device. In some embodiments, this response is sentonly if there are multiple formats of the requested content available,or if the content is of a type of format that might not be able to beaccessed properly (or at all) on certain devices. The response can befor a list of all relevant capabilities, as may conform to a specificstandard, or for values of specific capabilities. The device then cansend the information to the content provider in a form similar to thatillustrated in the example table 400 of FIG. 4( a). In this example, thedevice sends a list of all potential formats and/or capabilities thatare supported by the device. As can be seen, there can be a separatelisting for each type of video supported, each type of audio, whichconnections are available, etc. Using this information, a contentselector can determine all potential combinations of capabilities forthe device and use these combinations to select the optimal contentversion to be accessible on that device. The capabilities in someembodiments are ranked by the relative desire of each capability. Itshould be understood that a table is just an example, and that theinformation can be conveyed in any appropriate manner.

FIG. 4( b) illustrates another example of a capability table 450 thatcan be sent by a device in accordance with various embodiments. In thisexample, the device does not include each of the capabilities of thedevice, but lists specific capabilities, such as a video capability,audio capability, etc. In some embodiments, these can be specificcapabilities which the user requests or requires. In other embodiments,these values can be preferences or can specify the maximum value foreach capability. For example, if a device can support any common videoresolution up to HD video, the device might return a single value of HD,and the content provider can select any format including or up toHD-quality video.

In some embodiments, the fact that there are multiple formats available,one or more of which might be optimal for a particular device, does notnecessarily determine which format or version the device or userreceives. For example, the license obtained by the user for that pieceof content might not include access to certain formats. A user mighthave only purchased or otherwise obtained a license for a single format(e.g., downloaded a specific version without rights to other versions),such that the other formats are not accessible on other devices even ifthe format for the purchased license cannot be accessed on that device.Even if the license entitled the user to other versions or formats atthe time of obtaining the license, the license might not apply to futureversions or specific formats, etc.

Embodiments discussed herein can consider the rights to specific contentfor a user, as opposed to specific instances of that content as inprevious approaches. For example, instead of registering that a user haspurchased a specific version of an electronic book in a particularformat, a license determination module or other such component orservice can instead register, update, and otherwise maintain the rightsthat the user has to instances of that content. For example, the table500 of FIG. 5 illustrates variations of rights to a piece of contentthat can be obtained by a user. In this example, the user can purchase alicense that enable that user to access the content on a specific numberof devices. For example, the user might purchase a single-device licensewhereby the user is only able to access that content on a specifieddevice. Depending upon the terms of the license, the user might be ableto migrate that license to a different device, specifying at most onedevice at a time, or the license might be tied to a specific physicaldevice. A user might also be able to purchase a multi-device license,whereby in this example the user can access the content from up to fourdevices at a time. The cost can be greater for a multi-device licensethan a single device license. A user in some embodiments might also beable to purchase a license whereby the user can access the content fromany device, with the license still applying to personal use by that user(or up to a specified number of users). In an unlimited personal devicelicense, the user might have to be identified to the content provider insuch a way that the content provider can monitor whether the user isenabling other users to utilize the unlimited personal license, in orderto prevent content theft. The cost for unlimited personal use also canincrease accordingly.

While there are various types of multi-user or multi-device licensesknown in the art, approaches in accordance with various embodiments alsoenable users to purchase varying levels of format and/or versionlicenses, which can include versions or formats that are not yetdeveloped or available, and that can be provided to a user automaticallywhen available without the user necessarily knowing the type of formator version. And, as discussed elsewhere herein, these formats and/orversions can be selected dynamically and/or intelligently by a system orservice based at least in part upon the capabilities of the device whichthe user is using to access the content.

For example, in FIG. 5 there is a licensing option that enables a userto purchase a single version and/or format license, which enables theuser to access only the original format and/or version that the userobtained via purchase, download, etc. Depending upon the type of devicelicense, the user might be able to access this format and version onmultiple devices, but those devices still will only be able to accessthat particular version and/or format, independent of the capabilitiesof those devices. For example, if the user purchases a version of amovie in standard definition and decides to play that movie on a devicecapable of playing high definition content, the device still will onlybe able to play the standard definition version allowed under thelicense.

The user also can be able to obtain, in at least some embodiments, alicense to all current versions and/or formats. For example, a userpurchasing an online video game might be able to purchase a license toplay that game in any existing format, such that the user can accessthat game from a personal computer, Xbox 360®, Playstation 3®, or Wii®,which might include all the formats in which that game can be accessedat the current time. The cost for such a license might not be anygreater than for a single format license, as the essential content mightnot be different, but the interface through which the user accesses thecontent might be in sufficiently different formats. In another example,the user might be able to obtain a license to DVD, Blu-ray®, and digitalcopy versions of a movie. The cost for obtaining the license to allthree can be greater than the cost to obtain a license to just one ofthese formats, but less than the cost of obtaining licenses to two orthree of the formats individually. Such an approach can be attractive toa user because the user can obtain additional formats of the movie for arelatively small additional cost, and can be attractive to the providerof the movie as such a pricing structure encourages the users topurchase a more expensive license with the original purchase.

Also as seen in FIG. 5, a user in at least some embodiments can obtain alicense to any version or format, including any future version or formatof the content. For example, the user might today be able to accesscontent in any existing format for that content, such as 3D, HD, and SDfor a video file. By purchasing or otherwise obtaining a license to anyformat, the user also can access that content in new formats as thoseformats become available. For example, technology might develop thatenables the video file to be displayed as a fully three-dimensionalhologram. If the user at some point in time purchases such a holographicplayer, the user will not have to repurchase that content in the newformat. Such a license can be attractive to a user as a user canpurchase a piece of content once and not have to worry aboutrepurchasing that content again at a later time in a new format, etc.Such a license also can be attractive to a content provider because,although the provider will lose revenue from users repurchasing theircatalog of content in new formats, the provider will obtain money forformats that do not yet exist, which can improve short term revenuewhile providing funds to develop those future formats up front (insteadof trying to recoup those development funds afterwards, which can berisky due to events such as competing format wars where one of theformats often fails and results in losses to supporters or adopters ofthat format).

Also as can be seen in FIG. 5, the user can have the option ofpurchasing the unlimited format and/or version license for one,multiple, or any number of devices. Although the prices can go upaccordingly, an unlimited personal use license in any format can ensurethat a user only has to purchase a license to a piece of content once,as the user can access that content in any format from any supporteddevice without having to repurchase the content, purchase a new license,etc. It should be understood, however, that users might purchase lessthan full use licenses in order to reduce costs, particularly if theuser is not sure how much the user will enjoy the content, but that theuser might want additional formats, versions, or device access at one ormore subsequent times. Approaches in accordance with various embodimentscan enable users to upgrade their licenses for less than the cost of anew license. For example, in FIG. 5 a user can purchase a single formatand version of a piece of content for access on a single device. If theuser enjoys the content, the user might want to upgrade to own anyversion of that content, and be able to access that content from anydevice. The single device and format license is $9.99 in that example,with the limited license being $39.99. In some embodiments, the usermight be only charged the extra $30.00 to upgrade the license, while inother embodiments the user might be charged some intermediate additionalprice, such as $32.99, which is less than the cost of the unlimitedlicense, but includes an extra fee to cover the cost of the additionaltransaction. Various other approaches and pricing structures can be usedas well within the scope of the various embodiments as should beapparent in light of the present disclosure. In some cases a user mightbe able to receive discounts for licenses, such as by enabling contentproviders to share information (not including user identifyinginformation) about viewing preferences, how often users access certaincontent, how often users finish certain content or how far the averageuser gets, etc.

Once a user obtains a license to a piece of content, information forthat license can be stored to an appropriate (logically) centralizedlocation, such as the license data store 114 illustrated in FIG. 1 to beaccessible over a network. In some embodiments, a content provider orother such entity can subscribe to a licensing or rights service, whichcan manage the information for various content providers, users, andother entities. An advantage of a rights service is that differentformats and/or versions might be provided by competing contentproviders, who might not want to share information with each other butmay need to know the type of license the user has already purchased forthe piece of content. In some embodiments, the licensing service canhandle the royalties associated with the content, and might manage (orat least provide information needed to manage) the funds associated withthe various licenses, such that various content providers can receivecompensation when the user accesses their format or version using alicense that was purchased through another provider. Various otherrevenue sharing approaches can be used as well.

Various other types of licenses can be purchased as well using such aservice. For example, a user might purchase a license to any movieproduced by a certain studio in any format, such as through asubscription, and the service could handle passing rights information tothe various providers, as well as ensuring that those providers receiveproper compensation. Such a license can be relatively expensive, but canbe attractive to a user as the user can access any movie from any deviceat any time in the newest or best format available for that device. Suchdevices may not be prohibitively expensive, however, as existingservices utilize a pricing model based on the fact that a user with apersonal use license can only access one instance (or a limited numberof instances) of content at any given time, such that the amount ofcontent a user can access per billing cycle (e.g., hour, day, month, oryear) is limited. Similar pricing theories could be applied here, butexpanded to include the wide variety of licenses described and suggestedherein.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a process 600 for using capability andlicense information as discussed above to dynamically determine theappropriate format to provide to a user in response to a request foraccess or a similar event or occurrence. In this example, a request isreceived for a piece of content 602, such as where a user selects anicon or link on a device which causes a request to be sent over anetwork to a content provider. Unless capability information is includedin the initial request or otherwise available to the content provider,the provider can send a response to the requesting device asking for thecapabilities of that device 604. This can include a request for alldevice capabilities, a specific capability, or anything inbetween. Amessage or other communication including at least some of the requesteddevice capabilities then can be received from the device 606. Thecontent provider can verify the type of rights that the requesting userhas with respect to that content 608. While in this example the licenseverification is performed after obtaining the device capabilities, itshould be understood that these (and other) steps can be performed inother orders, concurrently, or in parallel within the scope of thevarious embodiments unless otherwise stated. The initial verificationcan include whether that user has access to that content on that device.Assuming the user has rights to that content, the content provider candetermine whether the user has a variable type of license 608, whichallows the content provider to determine a format, version, or otheraspect of an instance of content for the user on that device. If theuser does not have a variable type of license, the content provider candetermine whether the licensed version is compatible with the requestingdevice 612. If not, the request can be denied 614 and/or the user can benotified that the content cannot be accessed on that device. If thelicensed format and/or version is compatible with the capabilities ofthe requesting device, the content provider can enable the user toaccess that version and format on the requesting device 618. While theterm “content provider” is used for purposes of explanation, it shouldbe understood that the party determining the appropriate format orversion might be the same as, or separate from, the party storinglicense information, storing the content, enabling access to thecontent, and/or performing any other aspect of the process. The term“provider” can be interpreted broadly in at least some embodiments toinclude any party or entity that can be involved in the processesdiscussed and suggested herein for enabling a user to obtain access tospecific content.

If the user has a variable or flexible type of license that is notspecific to a single format, version, or other such aspect, the contentprovider can determine the appropriate format and/or version based atleast in part upon the device capabilities and rights information 616.As discussed elsewhere herein, this can include determining compatibleversions or formats, and ranking or otherwise selecting at least oneversion or format based on specific ranking or selection criteria, aswell as using any other appropriate information such as user preferenceor behavior information. In some embodiments, the content provider alsocan provider the user with an option of a version or format to receiveout of all compatible formats and versions, etc. Once an appropriateformat and version are determined, the user can be enabled to accessthat instance of content from the device 618.

In some instances, a device might not respond with information about itscapabilities. A device might not respond for any of a number of reasons,such as the device being an older device without such communicationcapabilities, or working with a different format or protocol, etc.Various approaches can be utilized in accordance with variousembodiments to attempt to determine which format to enable the user toaccess via the device. In some embodiments, a format with the least orlowest capability requirements can be provided, as the device will bemost likely to be able to support that format. For example, if therequest is received from an Internet-enabled television but thetelevision does not provide information about its possible resolutionmodes, the format of the content provided can be standard definition, asthe television most likely will be able to support that format. In someembodiments, the user can also be presented with an option to select adifferent format. If the system has determined the various formats towhich the user has rights for the content, the user can be presentedwith a list of at least some of those formats, and allowed to choosewhich format to access.

In another approach, the system might look to user behavior orpreference information to attempt to determine the most likely format toenable the user to access. If, using the television example above, theuser prefers and almost always watches high definition video formats, adetermination can be made that the user is likely attempting to accesshigh definition content. The format delivered to, or accessible by, theuser then can be high definition content. The user again can bepresented with a set of options of other formats or versions of contentto which the user would like access. The set of options might appearautomatically if the format is determined to not be compatible on thedevice, and might be accessible to the user at any time via a menu itemor other such option.

In some embodiments, the system can provide a similar menu that enablesa user to select the desired version when a content provider systemdetects different versions for the identified format. For example, thecontent provider might determine that the user should have access to ahigh definition version of the content based upon device capabilities,rights, etc. If the content provider also determines multiple versions,such as an original black and white version of an old movie, along witha colorized version and a version with directory commentary, the usercan be presented with options as to which version to access. Such anapproach can be desirable for a user, as the user can learn of otherversions of content to which that user might already have access rights.Further, if there are related versions such as remakes, parodies, orother such variations based at least in part upon that content that canbe accessed by that device, those can be presented as options as well.If the user does not already have rights, the user can have the abilityto obtain rights that include any related item of interest. And thatlicense can at least include rights to an optimal format for the currentdevice, as determined by the content provider system or other suchsystem or service based at least in part upon the capabilities,preferences, and/or other such factors as discussed elsewhere herein.

When a user obtains rights to access content of various formats onmultiple devices, the user can obtain various additional functionality.For example, since data can be stored in a logically centralizedlocation, such as in the cloud or across a network, a content provideror similar party can handle information such as current locations,points, or other portions of the content to which the user has navigatedor otherwise accessed. For example, when a user reaches a certain levelin a game, a particular chapter in a book or movie, a track of an albumof music, or another such trigger or threshold, information can be sentto the provider indicating such state. In some embodiments, each timethe user navigates away from an instance of content, such as by shuttingoff a device, pausing an instance of content, or moving to anotherinstance of content or application, the device can send stateinformation (e.g., the halt state at which the user stopped accessingthe content from a given device) to the provider such that the providercan store that state. In other embodiments, the provider canautomatically determine a halt state for the content as the contentprovider will stop receiving requests for more content where the userleft off, indicating that the user has halted accessing the content onthe current device. When the user wants to resume that content on thedevice, the content can be accessed from that point using the state,location, or other such information stored in the cloud by the provider.Further, halt state information can include other aspects as well, suchas the volume or brightness level, or any other such value that can beported over to the other device.

Such an approach can be particularly desirable for streaming content,where such state information often is not stored remotely. In variousembodiments, content can be delivered entirely to a device, portions canbe streamed and other portions or elements delivered or installedentirely, or the entire content can be streamed. Determinations of haltstate thus can depend at least in part upon the type of contentdelivery. If the entire instance is stored on the user device, the userdevice might be configured to send halt state information to a centralsystem or service, such that the user can resume on a different device.If the content is streamed, the system or service might be able todetermine the halt state automatically, without having to receive stateinformation from the user device. For content with only certain portionsor elements stored on the device, a combination of the above approachesmight be utilized.

An advantage to storing this state information in a cloud or other suchlocation is that the user can resume at the desired point in the contentusing another device as well. For example, consider the situation 700 ofFIG. 7. In this example, a user has obtained rights that enable the userto access a piece of music on both the user's car stereo 702 and theuser's home receiver 710. The car stereo is connected to the contentprovider 712 using any appropriate mechanism, such as a cellular or 3Gconnection to a cellular provider system 704, which can then connectthrough a network 706 such as the Internet to an appropriate server 714(e.g., a Web server or other such device) of the content provider. Asshould be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, FIG. 7illustrates only basic components for purposes of simplicity ofexplanation and a number of other components of the cellular network,content provider system, and other components are not shown but could beused to provide such functionality as known in the respective arts. Ifthe user turns off the car radio 702, changes the channel on the radio,or otherwise quits listening to that piece of music at a certain pointin the music playback, information about that point can be transmittedto the content provider system 712, which can cause that information tobe stored in a time/location data table 716 or similar location. Whenthe user subsequently turns on the home receiver 710, the receiver cansend a request to the content provider 712, across the network 706 usingany appropriate components such as a wireless modem 708 or other suchdevice. If the receiver already stores a local copy of that content, thecontent provider can send the location information to the receiver suchthat the receiver can start playback where the user left off in the car.If the receiver will instead stream (or otherwise download or obtain)the content, the content stream can start where the user left off in thecar. Such an approach effectively enables a user to pause content on onedevice and resume on another device, without those devices having toknow about each other, communicate with each other, etc. In someembodiments, however, each device for a user can communicate with theother user devices to determine whether the user paused certain content,where to begin playback, etc., instead of storing some or all of thisinformation in the cloud.

Another benefit and significant advantage over conventional systemsrevolves around the fact that the user can also automatically resumethat content on another device in a different format. Returning to theexample of FIG. 7, the user might receive a format of the version on thecar stereo 702 that is in a conventional two-channel stereo format. Theuser's receiver 710, however, might be capable of playing a higherquality format of the content, such as a format in 6:1 surround sound.In at least some embodiments, the receiver when sending the request canalso send capability information (as part of the same or a separaterequest as discussed above) which can be analyzed by the contentprovider system. The content provider can determine the appropriateformat for the receiver, and can determine the location in that formatwhere the user should resume playback. When the user accesses thatcontent on the receiver, the receiver can resume playback of thatcontent in a format that is optimal for the receiver.

In some embodiments, the content provider will store information such astime code conversion information for the content formats. Thedetermination as to where to resume access in a different format mightnot be straightforward. In some cases, the system may require access toinformation that indicates how to translate a time code or position inone format to a time code or position in another format. For example,the user might be listening to playback of an audio book on the carstereo. If the user attempts to resume access to the book on anelectronic book reader at the point where the user left off in the car,but the book reader does not provide audio playback or the user prefersto read on the book reader, the content provider will need to determine,based on the time code of the audio playback, where in the text of thebook format to resume on the book reader. Similarly, if the user isreads a book up to a certain point and then wants to instead finish thestory by watching the movie version, the content provider can requiresome conversion information to be able to correlate the current positionof the user in the book with a corresponding location in the movie. Insome cases a user might buy a license to various versions of a piece ofcontent which can include the movie version, electronic comic version,book version, video game adaptation, novelized version, screenplay,storyboards, director commentary, etc. At any time, a user might want toswitch to another version or format, such as to read the originalscreenplay for a scene after viewing a chapter of a movie, etc. In suchan embodiment, the system must have a way to correlate various positionswithin each of those formats. In some embodiments the system might storespecific time codes that correspond to certain locations across each ofthe formats and versions. In other embodiments, the system can store acurve or function that maps a timeline to locations in each piece ofcontent, and then can more accurately compare relative positions in twoversions of the content. Various other comparison approaches can be usedas well within the scope of the various embodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example process for resuming content 800 onanother device that can be used in accordance with various embodiments.In this example, a pause (or similar) command or request is receivedfrom a device 802. As discussed, this can include any appropriatenotification or communication indicating a point or location where auser left off, paused, terminated, or otherwise exited the content onthe device. The notification can be generated in response to anyappropriate event, such as a user selecting a pause option, navigatingto other content, turning off the device, etc. Either as part of thenotification or as part of a subsequent communication, the time code (oranother appropriate identifier) for the location where the user left offcan be obtained 804. The time code information for the current formatcan then be stored in an appropriate location for later retrieval 806.In some embodiments, this information will only be stored: for aspecified period of time, upon user request, until the user accessesdifferent content on the device, or for any of a number of other reasonsas may be selected or configurable by the user, content provider, orother appropriate entity or party. Subsequently, a request can bereceived to resume the content on another device 808. This request canbe generated in response to the user again accessing that particularcontent on the other device, or may be generated automatically when theuser powers on that other device. For example, Internet radio stationsmight always pick up where the user left off on the same device oranother device for the same user or license. The capabilities of theother device can be determined using any approach discussed elsewhereherein, and an appropriate format can be determined for the other device810. An appropriate time code conversion (or similar process) can beperformed to determine the point in the new format at which to resumeplayback or other access 812. Once determined, the other device canbegin to stream (or otherwise playback or provide access to) the contentat substantially the point where the user left off on the originaldevice 814, but in a format optimal for the current device. It should beunderstood that in some cases the format determination for the currentdevice might result in the same format that was used for the originaldevice, but the determination is still made dynamically when there ismore than one format available in at least certain embodiments.

Other advantageous functionality that can be obtained through variousapproaches discussed herein is that a user can obtain, access, and/orresume content on devices that are previously or otherwise notassociated with that user, and that might include formats that were notpreviously associated with, or accessed by, the user. For example, auser might go to a friend's house which contains a television with 3Ddisplay capability. The user might not own a 3D capable device, andmight never have accessed content through the friend's television. Invarious embodiments, the user can cause the 3D television to submit arequest for content that is associated with that user, such as by theuser entering or otherwise providing identifying or authenticatinginformation. A content provider receiving the information can identifyand/or authenticate the user, and can enable that user to access anycontent on the television where the user licenses or rights permit.Further, the user can access the content in a 3D format, which mightotherwise not have been previously associated with that user.

Such approaches enable a user to access specific content in a formatoptimized for any device through which the user can obtain such content.For example, a user can validate an account or identify to an audio orvideo system on an airplane, and can obtain access to the user's contentthrough that system. Further, the content can be delivered in a formator version appropriate for the airplane. For example, certain airlinecarriers place restrictions on the type of content that can be displayedon a video system in a plane. When the user accesses content through thesystem, the user can automatically obtain not only a format that isappropriate for the video system (e.g., a relatively low resolutionversion for a small LCD screen) but can also automatically receive aversion of the content that is edited or otherwise modified for displayon the airline video system. Similarly, if the user sits at a table in adiner that has an individual tabletop electronic jukebox, the user canauthenticate himself to the system through the jukebox and access theuser's music through the jukebox. The music can be delivered in anappropriate format, and since the diner might place restrictions onexplicit language played in the establishment the content played mightbe any clean version of that content.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a process 900 for enabling a user toaccess content in a format appropriate for a previously unknown orunassociated device that can be used in accordance with variousembodiments. In this example, a request is received from a user toaccess content through an unknown device 902. For example, the requestcan be received from a device being accessed by the user, where thatdevice has not previously been used by that user to access content, andthat device is not otherwise associated with the user or a user account.If the request is received to a content provider, the provider canverify the user identity and licensing rights 904 and, at the same timeor after determining whether the user has rights to access contentthrough that device, can request the capabilities of the device 906, ifnot included in the original request. Upon receiving the devicecapabilities, an appropriate format can be determined 910 and the usercan be enabled to access the content through the device in thedetermined format 912. In some situations, such as the individualtable-top electronic jukebox, multiple users can authenticate themselvesto the system during a common session and can access content for each ofthose users in a jukebox-appropriate format. The users can set a randomplaylist, for example, which can play music from each of the users'catalogs, etc.

In order to enable users to access content from any device, a contentprovider might want an increased level of security to preventunauthorized license sharing or other such content theft. In someembodiments, a user accessing unknown devices must provide more thanjust a standard username and password or other easily sharable element.For example, a user in some embodiments must present a USB key, wirelessfob, Bluetooth device, or other device with a type of private keyencryption that can ensure that there is a single instance of a useraccessing the content. Additional keys can be obtained for a user foradditional license costs as should be apparent. Thus, if a user wants toplay content on a friend's device, the user might first be authenticatedusing the private secure key, such that the content provider can besatisfied that it is not instead the friend improperly accessing thecontent. Such a device can also provide some simplicity, as a userwishing to access content on an airplane video system can simply plugthe key into the system and almost instantly have access to that user'scontent in formats appropriate for that system without having to gothrough a complex validation or setup process.

Many aspects of the content delivery and/or access can be configurableby a user or other party as discussed above. As an example, FIG. 10illustrates a sample interface 1000 that could be used to enable a userto configure various options in accordance with one embodiment. In thisexample, the user has several configurable options 1002. Although theseoptions are shown as being selectable through drop-down boxes, it shouldbe understood that any appropriate elements such as radio buttons, textboxes, check boxes, or other such elements known or subsequentlydeveloped for such purposes can be used as well. In such an interface, auser can specify formats to be received, formats not to be played,preferred formats, and other such options. In this example, the userspecified to only receive stereo audio with video quality up to HD. Theuser has selected not to receive 3D video, even if available. The useralso has specified maximum resolutions for other video options. A usermight specify maximum quality settings for less than a possible qualityfor a device for any number of reasons, such as to conserve bandwidth,memory, or other such resources.

A user can also have the option of placing certain restrictions oncontent formats for certain devices. For example, a user may only allowclean versions of movies, audio, or other content in car systems, videogame consoles, or other devices likely to be accessed by children. Auser might allow unedited versions to be played in a theater room or ona personal book reader, or might require a specific password or otherrequirement before those formats can be “unlocked” or “available” forthose device. Similarly, while a user might be able to transport aplaylist to a public device or friend's device, the user might restrictcertain types of content from being accessed on devices other than aprivate device. For example, if a user likes cheesy horror movies but isembarrassed to let others know, the user might restrict certain titles,genres, or other groupings of content from being accessible on otherdevices through the user's account or licenses. Various other access orsecurity controls can be applied as well within the scope of the variousembodiments.

In at least some embodiments, the conservation or capability of suchresources also can be considered when determining an appropriate formatfor a device. For example, going back to the example of FIG. 7, it mightbe the case that the car radio 702 is also capable of playing surroundsound or some other relatively high resolution audio format. Whendetermining the appropriate format for the car radio, the contentprovider system might take into account the fact that the radio connectsvia a 3G connection. Due to the bandwidth limitations of the 3Gconnection, a high resolution format might not play satisfactorily onthe car radio, as there might be gaps in the playback due to bufferingor other such functions due to the inability to receive data fastenough. In such a situation, the system might determine that a standardstereo format is instead preferable as, even though the sound qualitymight not be optimal, the overall experience will be better due to thecontent being able to be accessed without interruption. In some cases, auser or device can configure or limit possible formats due to deliveryor connection limitations, or other such factors. In some cases, acontent delivery system might also be able to communicate with acellular provider or other such entity to determine the monthly usagefor a user, and if that user is getting near the amount of bandwidthallowed for the month, for example, the content provider can lower thequality of the content delivery or otherwise modify the formatselections as appropriate for certain devices that use that deliverychannel. Thus, a device with higher capabilities might receive a lowerquality format than a device with lower capabilities based on aspectssuch as the connection for the device. Further, delivery channels suchas downloading versus streaming can also be determined based uponvarious capabilities, the connection, etc.

In some embodiments, the system can track user behavior and usage overtime to attempt to improve the overall quality of content delivery. Forexample, in a situation where the user has limited monthly bandwidth,the user might end up getting lower quality formats towards the end ofeach month. By monitoring the usage patterns over time, the system canattempt to adjust the format selections to avoid limitations near theend of each month. For example, the user might access a piece of contentduring the middle of the month on a device that is capable of receivinga very high resolution format, but due to the size or resolution of thescreen there will be little difference between that format and a lowerquality format. In order to conserve bandwidth for later usage, theprovider might decide to deliver the content in the lower qualityformat. Such options can be disallowed by the user, while in some casesthe user can specify to delivery lower quality formats where theresulting experience will not be significantly affected. Various otheroptions can be used as well. Further, the user can have the option tooverride a format selection and request that an upgraded format beaccessed.

In some embodiments, a content provider system or other party can obtainand/or track performance information for a device for use in formatdeterminations. For example, a user might access high definition contenton a computer that reports that the computer supports high definitionvideo. Due to limitations of the computer such as the amount ofavailable memory, processor speed, number of other applicationsexecuting, and other such factors, the playback of high definition videoon the computer might be very slow or choppy, or might even cause thecomputer to hang. Similar problems can occur with other devices as well,which report certain capabilities but are not actually able to deliverythose capabilities with an acceptable level of quality. Thus, the systemcan select formats based at least in part upon actual deviceperformance. Such an approach can be particularly beneficial for devicesthat are previously unknown or not accessed by a user, as the user mayhave no idea of the actual performance capabilities of the device.Further, the system can track when the user selects a higher or lowerquality format on a certain device as an indicator of the actualcapabilities of the device.

In some embodiments, a device can obtain (or at least have access to) alist of all content to which a user has rights when the user isauthenticated to the device, including various format and versioninformation. Such a list can be updated and maintained as appropriate,such as when new formats become available to which the user has rights.While the updating and storage of such a list can require certainresources, such a list can minimize the number of request received to acontent provider to determine the rights a user has with respect to acertain piece of content.

As discussed above, the various embodiments can be implemented in a widevariety of operating environments, which in some cases can include oneor more user computers, computing devices, or processing devices whichcan be used to operate any of a number of applications. User or clientdevices can include any of a number of general purpose personalcomputers, such as desktop or laptop computers running a standardoperating system, as well as cellular, wireless, and handheld devicesrunning mobile software and capable of supporting a number of networkingand messaging protocols. Such a system also can include a number ofworkstations running any of a variety of commercially-availableoperating systems and other known applications for purposes such asdevelopment and database management. These devices also can includeother electronic devices, such as dummy terminals, thin-clients, gamingsystems, and other devices capable of communicating via a network.

Various aspects also can be implemented as part of at least one serviceor Web service, such as may be part of a service-oriented architecture.Services such as Web services can communicate using any appropriate typeof messaging, such as by using messages in extensible markup language(XML) format and exchanged using an appropriate protocol such as SOAP(derived from the “Simple Object Access Protocol”). Processes providedor executed by such services can be written in any appropriate language,such as the Web Services Description Language (WSDL). Using a languagesuch as WSDL allows for functionality such as the automated generationof client-side code in various SOAP frameworks.

Most embodiments utilize at least one network that would be familiar tothose skilled in the art for supporting communications using any of avariety of commercially-available protocols, such as TCP/IP, OSI, FTP,UPnP, NFS, CIFS, and AppleTalk. The network can be, for example, a localarea network, a wide-area network, a virtual private network, theInternet, an intranet, an extranet, a public switched telephone network,an infrared network, a wireless network, and any combination thereof.

In embodiments utilizing a Web server, the Web server can run any of avariety of server or mid-tier applications, including HTTP servers, FTPservers, CGI servers, data servers, Java servers, and businessapplication servers. The server(s) also may be capable of executingprograms or scripts in response requests from user devices, such as byexecuting one or more Web applications that may be implemented as one ormore scripts or programs written in any programming language, such asJava®, C, C# or C++, or any scripting language, such as Perl, Python, orTCL, as well as combinations thereof. The server(s) may also includedatabase servers, including without limitation those commerciallyavailable from Oracle®, Microsoft®, Sybase®, and IBM®.

The environment can include a variety of data stores and other memoryand storage media as discussed above. These can reside in a variety oflocations, such as on a storage medium local to (and/or resident in) oneor more of the computers or remote from any or all of the computersacross the network. In a particular set of embodiments, the informationmay reside in a storage-area network (“SAN”) familiar to those skilledin the art. Similarly, any necessary files for performing the functionsattributed to the computers, servers, or other network devices may bestored locally and/or remotely, as appropriate. Where a system includescomputerized devices, each such device can include hardware elementsthat may be electrically coupled via a bus, the elements including, forexample, at least one central processing unit (CPU), at least one inputdevice (e.g., a mouse, keyboard, controller, touch screen, or keypad),and at least one output device (e.g., a display device, printer, orspeaker). Such a system may also include one or more storage devices,such as disk drives, optical storage devices, and solid-state storagedevices such as random access memory (“RAM”) or read-only memory(“ROM”), as well as removable media devices, memory cards, flash cards,etc.

Such devices also can include a computer-readable storage media reader,a communications device (e.g., a modem, a network card (wireless orwired), an infrared communication device, etc.), and working memory asdescribed above. The computer-readable storage media reader can beconnected with, or configured to receive, a computer-readable storagemedium, representing remote, local, fixed, and/or removable storagedevices as well as storage media for temporarily and/or more permanentlycontaining, storing, transmitting, and retrieving computer-readableinformation. The system and various devices also typically will includea number of software applications, modules, services, or other elementslocated within at least one working memory device, including anoperating system and application programs, such as a client applicationor Web browser. It should be appreciated that alternate embodiments mayhave numerous variations from that described above. For example,customized hardware might also be used and/or particular elements mightbe implemented in hardware, software (including portable software, suchas applets), or both. Further, connection to other computing devicessuch as network input/output devices may be employed.

Storage media and computer readable media for containing code, orportions of code, can include any appropriate media known or used in theart, including storage media and communication media, such as but notlimited to volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable mediaimplemented in any method or technology for storage and/or transmissionof information such as computer readable instructions, data structures,program modules, or other data, including RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memoryor other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) orother optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic diskstorage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which canbe used to store the desired information and which can be accessed bythe a system device. Based on the disclosure and teachings providedherein, a person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate other waysand/or methods to implement the various embodiments.

The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense. It will, however, beevident that various modifications and changes may be made thereuntowithout departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention asset forth in the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:enabling a user to acquire a license for identified content, the licensebeing associated with a plurality of formats of the identified content,the plurality of formats including at least a first format and a secondformat, the second format being unavailable at a time when the useracquired the license, the identified content containing a plurality ofportions of content that are individually associated with a particularformat of the plurality of formats; receiving, by a computing device,from a first electronic device of the user: a request for the identifiedcontent; and one or more capabilities of the first electronic device;determining, by the computing device, the first format of the identifiedcontent to be accessible via the first electronic device based at leastin part upon one or more of the received capabilities of the firstelectronic device and based at least in part on at least one of userhistory information or user behavior information; enabling the user toaccess the first format of the identified content via the firstelectronic device, the first format being available at the time when theuser acquired the license; receiving a pause command from the firstelectronic device with respect to the identified content; storinginformation for the user with respect to the identified contentindicating a pause location in the identified content at which the pausecommand was caused to be received; receiving from a second electronicdevice of the user: a request to resume the identified content; and oneor more capabilities of the second electronic device; identifying, bythe computing device, the second format of the identified content to beaccessible via the second electronic device based at least in part uponone or more of the received capabilities of the second electronic deviceand based on at least one of the user history information or the userbehavior information; determining a resume location in the second formatthat corresponds to the pause location in the first format; enabling theuser to access the identified content in the second format via thesecond electronic device from the resume location; providing to theuser, on the second electronic device, one or more decision points ofthe identified content, the one or more decision points provided basedat least in part on the license, an individual decision pointcorresponding to a particular portion of the plurality of portions ofcontent; receiving, from the second electronic device, a selection fromthe user associated with a decision point of the one or more decisionpoints; and in response to receiving the selection, enabling the user toaccess the identified content in a third format of the plurality offormats via the second electronic device based at least in part on theone or more of the received capabilities of the second electronic deviceand the license.
 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, whereinthe first format is a highest quality format that is supported by thefirst electronic device and the second format is a second highestquality format that is supported by the second electronic device.
 3. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first electronicdevice and the second electronic device are different types of devices.4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprisingautomatically updating the identified content when a new format becomesavailable.
 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, whereininformation of the identified content is configured to automaticallyupdate the one or more capabilities of the first electronic deviceenabling the first electronic device to access the identified content,the identified content being previously inaccessible prior to theupdate.
 6. A computer-implemented method, comprising: enabling a user toacquire a license for content, the license indicating rights to aplurality of formats of the content, the plurality of formats includingat least a first format and a second format, the second format beingunavailable at a time when the user acquired the license, the contentcontaining a plurality of portions of content that are individuallyassociated with a particular format of the plurality of formats of thecontent; determining, by a computing device, in response to a halt inaccessing of content in the first format by the user via a firstelectronic device, a halt state of the content; storing information forthe determined halt state; receiving from a second electronic device ofthe user: a request to resume accessing the content; and one or morecapabilities of the second electronic device; determining, by thecomputing device, the second format of the plurality of formats for atleast a portion of the content to be accessible on the second electronicdevice based at least in part upon one or more of the receivedcapabilities of the second electronic device and at least one of userhistory information or user behavior information associated with thesecond electronic device; enabling the user to access the content viathe second electronic device in the determined second format with aresume state corresponding to the determined halt state, the determinedsecond format being different than the first format of the plurality offormats accessible on the first electronic device for at least a portionof the content, the determined second format being unavailable at a timethe user acquired the license; providing to the user, on the secondelectronic device, one or more decision points of the content, the oneor more decision points provided based at least in part on the license,an individual decision point corresponding to a particular portion ofthe plurality of portions of content; receiving, from the secondelectronic device, a selection from the user associated with a decisionpoint of the one or more decision points; and in response to receivingthe selection, enabling the user to access the identified content in athird format of the plurality of formats via the second electronicdevice based at least in part on the one or more of the receivedcapabilities of the second electronic device and the license.
 7. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein a communicationindicating that the accessing of the content by the user via the firstelectronic device was halted is generated automatically by the firstelectronic device when the user performs at least one of selecting apause option, navigating away from the content, closing or navigatingaway from an application accessing the content, or powering off thefirst electronic device.
 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 6,wherein the request to resume accessing the content via the secondelectronic device is generated automatically by the second electronicdevice when the user performs at least one of selecting a resume option,navigating to the content, opening or navigating to an application foraccessing the content, or powering on the second electronic device. 9.The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein enabling access ofthe content includes at least one of enabling the content to be played,displayed, rendered, downloaded, streamed, or presented on the secondelectronic device.
 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 6,wherein the plurality of formats include at least one of formats withdifferent resolution, audio quality, display requirements, audiochannels, delivery channels, or execution languages.
 11. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the one or more of thereceived capabilities of the second electronic device include at leastone of audio capabilities, video rendering capabilities, displaycapabilities, rate of power consumption, available battery life,available input mechanisms, available output mechanisms, data connectiontypes, or peripheral information.
 12. The computer-implemented method ofclaim 6, further comprising: enabling the user to select a differentformat of at least another portion of the content to be accessible viathe second electronic device.
 13. The computer-implemented method ofclaim 12, further comprising: storing user override information for thesecond electronic device, the user override information capable of beingused for future format determinations for at least one of the user, thecontent, or the second electronic device.
 14. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 6, wherein the content is further capable of havingmultiple versions in one or more formats, and further comprising:determining a version of the content to be accessible by the user viathe second electronic device based at least in part upon rights of theuser.
 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, furthercomprising: enabling the user of the second electronic device to specifyone or more formats to be accessible or non-accessible for at least atype of content via the second electronic device.
 16. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising: enabling theuser to rank one or more formats to be accessible for at least a type ofthe content via at least one of the first electronic device or thesecond electronic device.
 17. A system, comprising: a processor; andmemory including instructions that, when executed by the processor,cause the system to: enable a user to acquire a license for content, thelicense being associated with a plurality of formats of the content, theplurality of formats including at least a first format and a secondformat, the second format being unavailable at a time when the useracquired the license, the content containing a plurality of portions ofcontent that are individually associated with a particular format of theplurality of formats of the content; determine that accessing of thecontent in the first format by the user via a first electronic devicewas halted at an identified halt state in the content; store informationfor the identified halt state; receive from a second electronic deviceof the user: a request to resume accessing the content; and one or morecapabilities of the second electronic device; determine the secondformat of the plurality of formats for at least a portion of the contentto be accessible on the second electronic device based at least in partupon one or more of the received capabilities of the second electronicdevice and at least one of user history information or user behaviorinformation; and enable the user to access the content via the secondelectronic device in a second format at a resume state corresponding tothe identified halt state, the second format being different than thefirst format; provide to the user, on the second electronic device, oneor more decision points of the content, the one or more decision pointsprovided based at least in part on the license, an individual decisionpoint corresponding to a particular portion of the plurality of portionsof content; receive, from the second electronic device, a selection fromthe user associated with a decision point of the one or more decisionpoints; and in response to receiving the selection, enable the user toaccess the content in a third format of the plurality of formats via thesecond electronic device based at least in part on the one or more ofthe received capabilities of the second electronic device and thelicense.
 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the instructions whenexecuted further cause the system to: determine rights of the user withrespect to the content, the determining of the second format of thecontent to be accessible on the second electronic device being furtherbased at least in part upon the determined rights.
 19. The system ofclaim 17, wherein the instructions when executed further cause thesystem to: use at least one format conversion algorithm to determine theresume state in the second format for the second electronic device basedupon the identified halt state in the first format accessible on thefirst electronic device.
 20. The system of claim 17, wherein enablingaccess of the content includes at least one of enabling the content tobe played, displayed, rendered, downloaded, streamed, or presented onthe second electronic device.
 21. A non-transitory computer-readablestorage medium including instructions that, when executed by aprocessor, cause the processor to: enable a user to acquire a licensefor content, the license being associated with a plurality formats ofthe content, the plurality of formats including at least a first formatand a second format, the second format being unavailable at a time whenthe user acquired the license, the content containing a plurality ofportions of content that are individually associated with a particularformat of the plurality of formats; determine that accessing of thecontent in the first format by the user via a first electronic devicewas halted at an identified halt state in the content; store informationfor the identified halt state; receive from a second electronic deviceof the user: a request to resume accessing the content; and one or morecapabilities of the second electronic device; determine the secondformat of the plurality of formats for at least a portion of the contentto be accessible on the second electronic device based at least in partupon one or more of the received capabilities of the second electronicdevice and at least one of user history information or user behaviorinformation associated with the second electronic device; and enable theuser to access the content via the second electronic device in thedetermined second format at a resume state corresponding to theidentified halt state, the determined second format capable of beingdifferent than the first format accessible on the first electronicdevice; provide to the user, on the second electronic device, one ormore decision points of the content, the one or more decision pointsprovided based at least in part on the license, an individual decisionpoint corresponding to a particular portion of the plurality of portionsof content: receive, from the second electronic device, a selection fromthe user associated with a decision point of the one or more decisionpoints; and in response to receiving the selection, enable the user toaccess the content in a third format of the plurality of formats via thesecond electronic device based at least in part on the one or more ofthe received capabilities of the second electronic device and thelicense.
 22. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium ofclaim 21, wherein the instructions when executed further cause theprocessor to: determine rights of the user with respect to the content,the determining of the second format of at least the portion of thecontent to be accessible on the second electronic device being furtherbased at least in part upon the determined rights.
 23. Thenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 21, wherein theinstructions when executed further cause the processor to: use at leastone format conversion algorithm to determine the resume state in thesecond format for the second electronic device based upon the identifiedhalt state in the first format accessible on the first electronicdevice.
 24. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim21, wherein enabling access of the content includes at least one ofenabling the content to be played, displayed, rendered, downloaded,streamed, or presented on the second electronic device.